2.4 RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS

(a) Standards issued but not yet effective:

IND AS 115: Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In March 2018, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendments) Rules, 2017, notifying Ind AS 115, 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers'. The Standard is applicable to the Company with effect from 1st April, 2018.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers Ind AS 115 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Ind AS 115 will supersede the current revenue recognition standard Ind AS 18 Revenue, Ind AS 11 Construction Contracts when it becomes effective. The core principle of Ind AS 115 is that an entity should recognise revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Specifically, the standard introduces a 5-step approach to revenue recognition:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

Step 2: Identify the performance obligation in contract

Step 3: Determine the transaction price

(p) Operating leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement

Operating leases (where the Company is the lessee)

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating leases (where the Company is the lessor)

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases.. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

(q) Taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.

- Current income-tax

Current income-tax asset and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

- Deferred tax

- The Company has elected not to apply Ind AS 103 Business Combinations retrospectively to past business combinations that occurred before the transition date of April 1, 2016.

- The Company has elected to measure its investments in subsidiaries and other investment at the Previous GAAP carrying amount as its deemed cost on the date of transition to Ind AS.

- The Company has applied the impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 retrospectively; however, as permitted by Ind AS 101, it has used reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort to determine the credit risk at the date that financial instruments were initially recognized in order to compare it with the credit risk at the transition date. Further, the Company has not undertaken an exhaustive search for information when determining, at the date of transition to Ind AS, whether there have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition, as permitted by Ind AS 101.

Estimates

The estimates at April 1, 2016 and at March 31, 2017 are consistent with those made for the same dates in accordance with Indian GAAP (after adjustments to reflect any differences in accounting policies) apart from Impairment of financial assets based on expected credit loss model where application of Indian GAAP did not require estimation.

The estimates used by the Company to present these amounts in accordance with Ind AS reflect conditions at April 1, 2016 (i.e. the date of transition to Ind-AS) and as of March 31, 2017.

Previous GAAP figures have been reclassified/ regrouped wherever necessary to conform with financial statements prepared under Ind AS.

Effect of the Transition to Ind AS

Reconciliations of the Company's balance sheets prepared under Indian GAAP and Ind AS as of April 1,

2016 and March 31, 2017 are also presented in Note 3.1. Reconciliations of the Company's income statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 prepared in accordance with Indian GAAP and Ind AS in Note 3.2.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

Under Ind AS 115, an entity recognizes revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when 'control' of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer. The Company has completed its evaluation of the possible impact of Ind AS 115 and will adopt the standard from 1st April, 2018.

3. FIRST TIME ADOPTION OF IND AS

These financial statements, for the year ended 31 March 2018, are the first financial statements the Company has prepared in accordance with Ind AS. For periods up to and including the year ended 31 March 2017, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (Indian GAAP) and Companies Account (Amendment) rules, 2016, as amended.

Accordingly, the Company has prepared financial statements which comply with Ind AS applicable for periods ending on 31 March 2018, together with the comparative period data as at and for the year ended 31March 2017, as described in the summary of significant accounting policies. In preparing these financial statements, the Company's opening balance sheet was prepared as at 1 April 2016, the Company's date of transition to Ind AS. This note explains the principal adjustments made by the Company in restating its Indian GAAP financial statements, including the balance sheet as at 1 April 2016 and the financial statements as at and for the year ended 31 March 2017.

Ind AS 101 allows first-time adopters certain exemptions from the retrospective application of certain requirements under Ind AS. The Company has applied the following exemptions :

- Ind AS 16 - Property, plant and equipment are opted to be carried as recognized in its previous GAAP financials as deemed cost at the transition date. The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value as at 1st April, 2016 for all of its investment properties, Intangible assets and property plant & equipment as recognized in its Previous GAAP financial as deemed cost at the transition date.

3.3 Adjustments to Statement of Cash flows

There were no material differences between the Statement of Cash Flows presented under Ind AS and the Previous GAAP.

Notes to the reconciliation

1. Fair valuation of investments in mutual funds: Under the Ind AS, the Investments in mutual funds have been accounted at fair value through Statement of Profit and Loss instead of accounting at lower of cost and fair value under IGAAP.

2. Actuarial gain/loss on defined benefit plans: The Remeasurement cost arising primarily due to change in actuarial assumptions has been recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) under Ind AS instead of Statement of Profit and Loss under previous GAAP. However, this has no impact on total comprehensive income and total equity

3. Under Previous GAAP, deferred taxes were recognized for the tax effect of timing differences between accounting profit and taxable profit for the year using the income statement approach. Under Ind AS, deferred taxes are recognized using the balance sheet for future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The above difference, together with the consequential tax impact of the other Ind AS transitional adjustments lead to temporary differences. Deferred tax adjustments are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in retained earnings or through other comprehensive income.

4. Under Indian GAAP, the Company has not presented other comprehensive income (OCI) separately. Hence, it has reconciled Indian GAAP profit or loss to profit or loss as per Ind AS. Further, Indian GAAP profit or loss is reconciled to total comprehensive income as per Ind AS.

Rights, preferences and restrictions attached to shares Equity shares

The Company has one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs 2 per share. Each shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held. The dividend proposed , if any, by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend. In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

The company has not allotted any bonus shares or bought back any shares during the current year or for a period of five years immediately preceding the balance sheet date.

2) The fair values of investments in mutual fund units is based on the net asset value ('NAV') as stated by the issuers of these mutual fund units in the published statements as at Balance Sheet date. NAV represents the price at which the issuer will issue further units of mutual fund and the price at which issuers will redeem such units from the investors.

Other financial assets and liabilities

- Cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, investments in term deposits, other financial assets (except derivative financial instruments), trade payables, and other financial liabilities (except derivative financial instruments) have fair values that approximate to their carrying amounts due to their short-term nature.

- Loans have fair values that approximate to their carrying amounts as it is based on the net present value of the anticipated future cash flows using rates currently available for debt on similar terms, credit risk and remaining maturities.

26.9 Capital management

The Company's capital management objectives are:

- to ensure the company's ability to continue as a going concern

- to provide an adequate return to shareholders by pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk.

The Company monitors capital on the basis of the carrying amount of equity less cash and cash equivalents as presented on the face of the statement of financial position.

Financial Risk Management objectives

The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks viz. credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. In order to manage the aforementioned risks, the Company operates a risk management policy and a program that performs close monitoring of and responding to each risk factors.

Credit risk management

Credit risk arises when a counterparty defaults on its contractual obligations to pay resulting in financial loss to the Company. The Company deals with creditworthy counterparties as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Company uses publicly available financial information and its own trading records to rate its major customers. The Company's exposure and credit ratings of its counterparties are regularly monitored and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is spread amongst counterparties.

Liquidity risk management

The responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of directors, which has an appropriate liquidity risk management framework for the management of the Company's short-, medium- and long-term funding and liquidity management requirements. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities by regularly monitoring forecast and actual cash flows.

Market Risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk such as equity price risk. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return. The Company is exposed to equity price risks arising from equity investments. Equity investments are held for strategic rather than trading purposes. The Company does not actively trade these investments.

26.10 The Company has presented segment information in the consolidated financial statements which are presented in the same financial report. Accordingly, in terms of Paragraph 3 of Ind AS 108 'Operating Segments', no disclosures related to segments are presented in this standalone financial statements.

26.11 Previous year's figures have been regrouped/reclassified to be comparable with currents year's classification/disclosures.