(i) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or
constructive), as a result of a past event, an outflow of economic benefits will probably be
required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to
settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, considering the risks and
uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to
be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognised as an asset, if it is virtually
certain that reimbursement will be received, and the amount of the receivable can be
measured reliably.
Provisions for onerous contracts are recognised when the expected benefits to be derived
by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable costs of meeting the
future obligations under the contract. Provisions for onerous contracts are measured at
the present value or lower than the expected net cost of fulfilling the contract and the
expected cost of terminating the contract.
(j) Revenue
The Company earns revenue primarily from providing IT services, IT Enabled Services,
consulting, and business solutions. The Company offers a consulting-led, cognitive-
powered, integrated portfolio of IT and IT Enabled business solutions.
Revenues from customer contracts are considered for recognition and measurement when
the contract has been approved by the parties to the contract, the parties to the contract
are committed to performing their respective obligations under the contract, and the
contract is legally enforceable. Revenue is recognised as and when services are performed
to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive
(the "Transaction Price"). Revenue towards satisfaction of the performance obligation is
measured at the amount of the Transaction Price (net of variable consideration on account
of discounts and allowances) allocated to that performance obligation. To recognise
revenues, the Company applies the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract
with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the
Transaction Price, (4) allocate the Transaction Price to the performance obligations in the
contract, and (5) recognise revenues when a performance obligation is satisfied. When
there is uncertainty as to collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such
uncertainty is resolved.
At contract inception, the Company assesses its promise to render services to a customer
to identify separate performance obligations. The Company applies judgement to
determine whether each service promised to a customer is capable of being distinct, and
is distinct in the context of the contract, if not, the promised services are combined and
accounted as a single performance obligation. The Company allocates the Transaction
Price to separately identifiable performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone
selling price or residual method. Stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the
expected cost-plus margin approach in estimating the stand-alone selling price.
For performance obligations where control is transferred over time, revenues are
recognised by measuring progress toward completion of the performance obligation. The
selection of the method to measure progress toward completion requires judgment and is
based on the nature of the promised services to be provided. The method for recognising
revenues and costs depends on the nature of the services rendered:
A. Time and materials contracts
Revenues and costs relating to time and materials contracts are recognised as the related
services are rendered.
B. Fixed price contracts
i) Fixed-price development contracts
Revenues from fixed-price development contracts, where the performance obligations are
satisfied over time, are recognised using the "percentage-of-completion" method. The
performance obligations are satisfied as and when the services are rendered since the
customer generally obtains control of the work as it progresses. The percentage of
completion is determined based on project costs incurred to date as a percentage of the
total estimated project costs required to complete the project. The cost expended (or input)
method has been used to measure progress toward completion as there is a direct
relationship between input and productivity. If the Company is not able to reasonably
measure the progress of completion, revenue is recognised only to the extent of costs
incurred for which recoverability is probable. When total cost estimates exceed revenues
in an arrangement, the estimated losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss
in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates
as an onerous contract provision.
A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the
passage of time. Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts on fixed-price
development contracts and are classified as non-financial assets as the contractual right to
consideration is dependent on the completion of contractual milestones.
A contract liability is an entity's obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for
which the entity has received consideration (or the amount is due) from the customer.
ii) Maintenance contracts
Revenues related to fixed-price maintenance contracts are recognised on a straight-line
basis when services are performed through an indefinite number of repetitive acts over a
specified period or ratably using a percentage of completion method when the pattern of
benefits from the services rendered to the customers and the cost to fulfill the contract is
not even through the period of contract because the services are generally discrete in
nature and not repetitive.
Revenue for contracts in which the invoicing is representative of the value being delivered
is recognized based on our right to invoice. If our invoicing is not consistent with the value
delivered, revenues are recognised as the service is performed using the percentage of
completion method. In certain projects, a fixed quantum of service or output units is
agreed upon at a fixed price for a fixed term. In such contracts, revenue is recognized
concerning the actual output achieved to date as a percentage of total contractual output.
Any residual service unutilized by the customer is recognised as revenue on completion
of the term.
C. Others
• Any change in scope or price is considered a contract modification. The Company
accounts for modifications to existing contracts by assessing whether the services added
are distinct and whether the pricing is at the standalone selling price. Services added that
are not distinct are accounted for on a cumulative catch-up basis, while those that are
distinct are accounted for prospectively, either as a separate contract if the additional
services are priced at the stand-alone selling price, or as a termination of the existing
contract and creation of a new contract if not priced at the stand-alone selling price.
• The Company accounts for variable considerations like volume discounts, rebates, and
pricing incentives to customers and penalties as a reduction of revenue on a systematic
and rational basis over the period of the contract. The Company estimates an amount of
such variable consideration using the expected value method or the single most likely
amount in a range of possible considerations depending on which method better predicts
the amount of consideration to which the Company may be entitled and when it is
probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when
the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.
• Revenues are shown net of allowances/ returns, goods and services tax, and applicable
discounts.
• Estimates of the Transaction Price and total costs or efforts are continuously monitored
over the term of the contract and are recognized in net profit in the period when these
estimates change or when the estimates are revised. Revenues and the estimated total costs
or efforts are subject to revision as the contract progresses.
• Incremental costs that relate directly to a contract and incurred in securing a contract
with a customer are recognised as an asset when the Company expects to recover these
costs.
• The Company recognizes contract fulfillment cost as an asset if those costs are
specifically related to a contract or an anticipated contract, the costs generate or enhance
resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future, and the
costs are expected to be recovered.
• Costs to obtain a contract relating to upfront payments to customers are amortized to
revenue and other costs to obtain a contract and costs to fulfill a contract are amortized to
cost of sales over the respective contract life on a systematic basis consistent with the
percentage of services rendered to the customer to which the asset relates.
• The Company assesses the timing of the delivery of services to the customer as
compared to the timing of payments to determine whether a significant financing
component exists. As a practical expedient, the Company does not assess the existence of
a significant financing component when the difference between payment and transfer of
deliverables is twelve months or less. If the difference in timing arises for reasons other
than the provision of finance to either the customer or us, no financing component is
deemed to exist.
• Unbilled receivables are classified as financial assets where the right to consideration is
unconditional and only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.
(k) Income tax
Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss except to the extent it relates to a business combination, or
items directly recognised in equity or other comprehensive income.
a) Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at
the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the
taxable income for the period. Current income tax(including Minimum Alternate Tax
(MAT)) is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities by the
Income-Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the
current tax amounts are those that are enacted or substantively enacted as of the reporting
date and applicable for the period. Current income tax payable by overseas branches of
the Company is computed by the tax laws applicable in the jurisdiction in which the
respective branch operates. The taxes paid are generally available for set off against the
Indian income tax liability of the Company's worldwide income. While determining the
tax provisions, the Company assesses whether each uncertain tax position is to be
considered separately or together with one or more uncertain tax positions depending
upon the nature and circumstances of each uncertain tax position. The Company offsets
current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set
off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize
the assets and liability simultaneously.
b) Deferred income tax
Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax
assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences
arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in these
standalone financial statements, except when the deferred income tax arises from the
initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business
combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profits or loss at the time of the
transaction.
Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that taxable profit
will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry
forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences except
in respect of taxable temporary differences that are expected to reverse within the tax
holiday period, taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries,
associates, and foreign branches where the timing of the reversal of the temporary
difference can be controlled and, probably, the temporary difference will not reverse in
the foreseeable future.
The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be
available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected
to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates
(and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
The Company offsets deferred income tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally
enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities, and they relate
to taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or on
different taxable entities where there is a right and an intention to settle the current tax
liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized
simultaneously.
(l) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of equity
shares outstanding during the period adjusted for treasury shares held.
(m) Segment Accounting Policies
(a) Segment Assets and Liabilities:
The assets of the Company are used interchangeably between segments, and hence the
assets and liabilities of the Company are currently treated as inseparable.
(b) Segment Revenue and Expense:
The Revenue and direct cost (including the payroll cost of all the employees and
consultants which can be attributed to the revenue), excepting the un-allocable costs like
personnel cost for the supporting services, depreciation, operating expenditure, interest
income on deposits, provision for contingencies and income tax, are directly attributed to
the respective segments.
The company reports its financial statements for the geographies of India and the USA,
and also for the IT and ITES segments.
27. The Companies operations relate to providing IT Services in two primary business
segments viz. IT Services and IT Enabled Services (ITES). The Company considers
the business segment as the Primary Segment and Geographical Segment based on
the location of the customers as the Secondary Segment.
The accounting principles consistently used in the preparation of the financial
statements are also consistently applied to record income and expenditure in
individual segments. Income and direct expenses for segments are categorized
based on items that are individually identifiable to that segment, while the
remainder of costs are apportioned on an appropriate basis. Certain expenses are
not specifically allocable to individual segments as underlying services are used
interchangeably. The Company therefore believes that it is not practical to provide
segment disclosures relating to such expenses and accordingly, such expenses are
separately disclosed as unallocable and directly charged against total income.
The assets of the Company are used interchangeably between segments, and the
management believes that it is currently not practical to provide segment
disclosures relating to total assets and liabilities since meaningful segregation is not
possible.
29. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
As per Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, a company, meeting the
applicability threshold needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit for the
immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility
(CSR) activities. The areas for CSR activities are eradication of hunger and
malnutrition, promoting education, art and culture, health care, destitute care and
rehabilitation, environment sustainability, disaster relief, COVID-19 relief, and
rural development projects. A CSR committee has been formed by the company as
per the Act. The funds were primarily allocated to a corpus and utilized throughout
30. There are no Micro and Small Enterprises, to whom the Company owes dues,
which are outstanding for more than 45 days as at 31st March 2024 (previous year
Nil). This information as required to be disclosed under the Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 has been determined to the extent the
status of such parties identified on the basis of information available with the
Company There has been no impact on the operations and financial position of the
company on account of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and consequential
lock-down restrictions imposed by the Government.
31. During the financial year 2023-24 there are no transactions with struck-off
companies under section 248 or 560 of the Companies Act, 2013.
32. The Company has complied with the no. of layers prescribed under clause (87) of
Section 02 of the act read with the Companies (Restriction on the number of layers)
Rules, 2017.
33. There is no Scheme of Arrangements that has been approved in terms of sections
230 to 237 of the Companies Act, 2013.
34. There are no transactions that are not recorded in the books of account to be
surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under
the Income Tax Act, of 1961.
35. The Company has not traded or invested in Cryptocurrency or Virtual Currency
during the financial year.
36. No charges or satisfaction are yet to be registered with the Registrar of Companies
beyond the statutory period.
37. The company has not advanced/loans/invested or received funds (either
borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds to any
other persons or entities, including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the
understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Intermediary
shall directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in
any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate
Beneficiaries.
38. In the opinion of the management, the current assets, loans, and advances shall
realize the value as shown in the balance sheet, if realized in the normal course of
business.
39. Balances of accounts receivable, payables & loans, and advances are subject to
confirmation/reconciliation.
* The company does not have any borrowings and lease liabilities
A Current year Profit from subsidiaries is decreased for the year, hence ROI was
decreased
41. Previous year figures have been regrouped / reclassified wherever necessary to suit
the current year's layout.
SIGNATURES TO NOTES 1 To 42
As per our report of even date For and on behalf of the Board of
Directors of
For NG Rao & Associates, CES LIMITED
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. 009399S
Kiran Parsa Mohana Rao Kancharla Rama Krishna S
Partner Director Director
Membership No. 220629 DIN: 00004288 DIN:01825682
Place: Hyderabad Srinivas Kucherlapati Suraj Kumar Garg
Date: 30th May 2024 Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
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