Provision, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past
event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation,
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation
at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When
a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the
present value of those cash flows.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts, unless possibility of an
outflow of resources embodying economic benefit is remote.

Contingent assets are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of notes to accounts when an inflow of economic
benefits is probable.

4.17 Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities
of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant
risk of changes in value.

4.18 Exceptional Items

Exceptional items refer to items of income or expense within the statement of profit and loss from ordinary activities
which are non-recurring and are of such size, nature or incidence that their separate disclosure is considered
necessary to explain the performance of the Company.